Via Farah Mendlesohn I’ve been made aware of an anthology of science fiction stories with Muslim characters and Islamic themes. A Mosque Among the Stars was first published in 2007 and is now available as a free PDF. The book is edited by Muhammad Aurangzeb Ahmad and Ahmed A. Khan, and contains stories by Lucius Shepard, Camile Alexa, Jetse de Vries and others. You can get a copy here.