I have been trying for some time to think of an angle for a review of Toby Litt’s Journey Into Space, but could not come up with anything that did not involve massive spoilers. I have been saved by a post on io9. No, Mr. Wheeler, that’s not an April Fool. I shall explain, though this doesn’t really count as a review.
Firstly, however, a few words about the title of the book. Yes, it is awful. Apparently Litt is working his way through the alphabet. His first book had a title beginning with A. He has now arrived at J. I still think he could have done better.
Journey into Space is a generation ship novel – one of those books where the crew of an inter-stellar vessel goes through multiple generations in order to make the centuries-spanning journey to a distant star. It has been done many times before. Gene Wolfe’s Book of the Long Sun is a classic example. Litt appears to be well aware of the issues. He asks what the psychological effects would be on children who are born on board, come to learn about the beauties of planets, but know that they are doomed to spend their entire lives cooped up in a small, metal box. He asks what happens to the mission if significant changes take place on Earth while it is in flight. And I particularly like that fact that the members of the crew are all media celebrities back home, their lives followed as avidly as any soap opera. It is a proper science fiction novel.
But Ursula Le Guin hated it.
To understand why we have to consider Charlie Jane Anders’ post on io9. Charlie is talking about the difference between ‘plot’ and ‘story’. It is a fine distinction, and not one that everyone makes. The way I see it is as follows. The plot is the skeleton on which the book is built. The story is the fleshy covering that turns that framework into a living, breathing, individual book. The body can be gaunt and skinny, it can be toned and powerful, or it can be fat and flabby. But the one thing it has to do is cover the bones. If, when you read the book, you keep seeing those bones poking through, then you know the book isn’t really alive.
Story, however, has a strong connection with myth. If you have Story you tend to expect the book to mean something, at least for some of the characters. It doesn’t have to be the full-blown Joseph Campbell hero myth that you get in Star Wars. There are many different stories to be told. Human beings are forever wondering about the “meaning of life,†and one of the reasons that they love stories is that in stories people’s lives (or at least the lives of the main characters) do have meaning and shape.
Real life, however, is not generally full of meaning. One of the reasons we obsess over celebrities, and tend to over-dramatize every news story, is because of that search for meaning. We think it helps us make sense of our own meaningless lives. Or at least gives us hope that one day we too might have a Story worth telling.
Now think a minute about the literary writer. The whole point here is to reflect real life as it actually is. Mimetic fiction is fiction that mirrors real life. And if real life doesn’t have Stories, well literary fiction shouldn’t have them either. All you are supposed to do is relate what happens to the characters, not dress their lives up with invented drama and artificial conclusions.
Of course the writers who become really popular do have Story in their books: Dickens, for example. But many literary writers tend to shy away from Story, and that’s one of the main reasons why genre readers will look at a literary work and come away saying “mehâ€. That, I think, is what Le Guin did with Litt. The characters in the book are not heroes. Their lives begin and end. Society on the ship changes, but certainly not for the better. If Litt has any specific inspiration for the book it is probably Lord of the Flies. Journey into Space is a book about ordinary, rather stupid people struggling to cope in an extraordinary environment. It is not uplifting in any way. But it is still, I think, science fiction.